Vascular Malformations

Vascular malformations are abnormal developments of blood vessels that are present at birth (congenital). Unlike hemangiomas, which are common birthmarks that typically grow in the first few months of life and then shrink, vascular malformations tend to grow slowly throughout a person’s life.

There are several types of vascular malformations, classified by the type of blood vessel involved:

Capillary malformations (port-wine stains): These are the most common type of vascular malformation. They appear as pink, red, or purple birthmarks on the skin and are usually flat.
Venous malformations:These are soft, spongy growths that are often blue or purple in color. They can occur anywhere on the body, but are most common on the face, neck, arms, and legs.
Lymphatic malformations: These occur when lymph fluid collects in abnormal channels or sacs. They can cause swelling, pain, and restricted movement.
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs):These are abnormal connections between arteries and veins. AVMs can cause rapid blood flow, which can damage surrounding tissues.
Mixed malformations: These are a combination of any of the other four types.

Symptoms

Vascular malformations can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on their size, location, and type. Some people may have no symptoms at all, while others may experience pain, swelling, bleeding, or difficulty moving a limb.

Treatments

Treatment for vascular malformations depends on the severity of the condition. Some malformations may not require any treatment, while others may be treated with medication, surgery, embolization (blocking blood flow to the malformation), sclerotherapy (injection of a substance to shrink the malformation), or endovascular therapy (Click here to read more on Endovascular therapy for vascular malformations).

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Vascular Malformations