Critical Limb Threatening Ischaemia

Causes

CLTI is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty deposits (plaque) build up on the inner walls of the arteries. This plaque buildup narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow to the legs and feet. Other causes of CLTI include:

• Diabetes
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Peripheral artery disease (PAD)

Symptoms

The symptoms of CLTI can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• Rest pain in the legs or feet, especially at night
• Pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest
• Sores or ulcers on the legs or feet that are slow to heal or do not heal at all
• Coldness in the legs or feet
• Numbness or tingling in the legs or feet
• Changes in skin color, such as pale or bluish skin

Diagnosis

CLTI is diagnosed by a doctor through a physical examination and a variety of tests, such as:

• Ankle-brachial index (ABI): This test compares the blood pressure in your ankle to the blood pressure in your arm. A low ABI is a sign of poor circulation.
• Toe pressure test: This test measures the blood pressure in your toes.
• Ultrasound: This imaging test can be used to visualize the arteries and see how much blood flow is blocked.
• Angiography: This X-ray imaging test uses a contrast dye to see the arteries in detail.

Treatment

The goal of treatment for CLTI is to improve blood flow to the legs and feet and prevent amputation. Treatment options include:

• Lifestyle changes: Quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly can all help improve blood flow and overall health.
• Medication: Medications can help to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.
• Angioplasty: This procedure uses a tiny balloon to open up blocked arteries (Click here to read more on Angioplasty/stenting)
• Bypass surgery: This surgery creates a new pathway for blood to flow around the blocked arteries.
• Wound care: This is important for treating any sores or ulcers on the legs or feet.

Prevention

There are a number of things you can do to help prevent CLTI, including:

• Quitting smoking
• Eating a healthy diet
• Exercising regularly
• Managing diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol
• Seeing your doctor for regular checkups